Everyday Science - PMS 2026 GK (Q251-300): Biology (Diseases, Vaccines, Human Body Systems & Plant Biology) MCQs

Correct Answer: Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Correct Answer: Bacteria (Vibrio cholerae)

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, usually spread through contaminated water.

Correct Answer: Bacteria (Salmonella typhi)

Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi (now Salmonella Typhi), spread through contaminated food and water.

Correct Answer: Virus

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

Correct Answer: Liver

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects primarily the liver.

Correct Answer: HIV virus

AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Correct Answer: Red blood cells

The malaria parasite infects and destroys red blood cells, causing anaemia and fever.

Correct Answer: Nervous system

Polio affects the nervous system; in severe cases it can cause paralysis.

Correct Answer: Prevent disease

A vaccine is used to prevent disease by building immunity before infection occurs.

Correct Answer: Edward Jenner

Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796, using cowpox material.

Correct Answer: Tuberculosis

The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, especially severe forms in children.

Correct Answer: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

The DPT vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus.

Correct Answer: Measles, Mumps, Rubella

The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella.

Correct Answer: Flu virus

The influenza vaccine protects against the flu virus.

Correct Answer: Endocrine system

The endocrine system controls hormones, secreting them from glands into the blood.

Correct Answer: Mouth

The human digestive system begins at the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.

Correct Answer: Nutrient absorption

The small intestine functions in nutrient absorption into the blood.

Correct Answer: Water absorption & feces formation

The large intestine absorbs water and forms faeces from undigested material.

Correct Answer: Heart, blood & blood vessels

The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels.

Correct Answer: Away from heart

Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.

Correct Answer: Toward heart

Veins carry blood toward the heart from the body's tissues.

Correct Answer: Arteries & veins

Capillaries are tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins, where exchange with tissues occurs.

Correct Answer: Nose, trachea, lungs, alveoli

The human respiratory system includes the nose, trachea, lungs and alveoli.

Correct Answer: Alveoli

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs of the lungs.

Correct Answer: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

The human excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Correct Answer: Nerve impulses

Neurons transmit nerve impulses (electrical and chemical signals) through the nervous system.

Correct Answer: Support, movement & protection

The human skeletal system provides support, movement and protection for internal organs.

Correct Answer: Bones to bones

Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints.

Correct Answer: Muscles to bones

Tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force of contraction.

Correct Answer: Movement

Muscles contract to produce movement of the body and its parts.

Correct Answer: White blood cells, antibodies, lymph nodes

The human immune system includes white blood cells, antibodies and lymph nodes.

Correct Answer: B-cells

Antibodies are produced by B-cells (more precisely by plasma cells, which develop from B-cells).

Correct Answer: Seeds & spores

Plant reproduction occurs via seeds (in seed plants) and spores (in spore plants such as ferns).

Correct Answer: Leaves

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves, the plant organ that captures sunlight.

Correct Answer: Gas exchange in plants

Stomata, the pores on leaves, are responsible for gas exchange in plants (and for transpiration).

Correct Answer: Water & minerals

Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots.

Correct Answer: Food / Sugars

Phloem transports food (sugars made in photosynthesis) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Correct Answer: Naked seeds (e.g., pine)

Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds, not enclosed in a fruit - pine is the classic example.

Correct Answer: Flowers & enclosed seeds

Angiosperms are flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed in a fruit.

Correct Answer: Single seed leaf

Monocot plants have a single seed leaf (cotyledon) in the embryo.

Correct Answer: Two seed leaves

Dicot plants have two seed leaves (cotyledons) in the embryo.

Correct Answer: Water

Amphibians reproduce in water, laying eggs that hatch into aquatic larvae.

Correct Answer: Live young

Mammals give birth to live young (with the egg-laying monotremes as the rare exception).

Correct Answer: Eggs

Birds lay eggs, which they incubate until hatching.

Correct Answer: Six

Insects have six legs, three pairs attached to the thorax.

Correct Answer: Eight

Arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites) have eight legs, four pairs.

Correct Answer: External fertilization

Fish reproduce mainly by external fertilization, releasing eggs and sperm into the water.

Correct Answer: Wind, insects & animals

Pollination in plants is done by wind, insects and other animals that carry pollen between flowers.

Correct Answer: Ovule

Fertilization in plants occurs in the ovule, where the male gamete fuses with the egg cell.

Correct Answer: Wind, water, animals & explosion

Seed dispersal methods include wind, water, animals and explosive dehiscence (the fruit bursting open).