PMS · PMS · 2026
Solved PMS 2026 GK Environmental Science Mock Test — 100 MCQs with verified answers and explanations (ecosystems, climate change, environmental conventions, water pollution, waste management, sustainable resources). A Sir Adnan mock test for PMS Screening preparation, not an official past paper.
Paper Snapshot
Questions
100
Time
100
Minutes
Subjects
1
Topics
6
Read mode shows correct answers. Attempt mode hides answers, starts timer, and shows your result after submission.
About this paper
A 100-item Sir Adnan mock test headed 'PMS GK Environmental Science Mock Test / MCQs-100 (ANSWER KEY IN END)' from the monster-data 'PMS SCREENING 2026 GK UPDATED' pack. All 100 items are published here in the standard MCQ format with verified answers and explanations; the source prints options with an answer key at the end, so optionsSource is recorded as 'printed'. Two booklet keys are corrected to the standard answer (Q29: the first Earth Summit was Rio de Janeiro 1992, not Stockholm; Q69: Pakistan signed the UNFCCC in 1992, ratified 1994), and two items carry NOTE flags (Q12 greenhouse gas, Q58 global warming potential).
Paper Controls
Subject 1
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Biotic & abiotic components
An ecosystem is the community of living organisms together with the non-living components of their environment, interacting as a system.
Correct Answer: Abiotic factors
Non-living components such as air, water, soil and sunlight are called abiotic factors, as opposed to biotic (living) factors.
Correct Answer: Photosynthesis
Plants make their food by photosynthesis, using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.
Correct Answer: All forms of life diversity
Biodiversity covers variety at all levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
Correct Answer: Tropical rainforests
Tropical rainforests hold the richest biodiversity on Earth, with more species than any other biome.
Correct Answer: Water cycle
The water cycle is the movement of water through evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
Correct Answer: Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost mantle.
Correct Answer: All living beings & habitats
The biosphere is the zone of life: all living beings and their habitats, from the deepest oceans to the upper atmosphere.
Correct Answer: Magma
Igneous rocks form when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies.
Correct Answer: Metamorphic rock
Marble is a metamorphic rock, formed when limestone is changed by heat and pressure.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Greenhouse gases
Climate change is mainly driven by the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas responsible for anthropogenic global warming.
Correct Answer: CFCs
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine in the stratosphere, which destroys ozone.
Correct Answer: Stratosphere
The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere, roughly 15-35 km above the Earth.
Correct Answer: SO2 & NOx
Acid rain is caused mainly by sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from burning fossil fuels.
Correct Answer: Smoke & fog
Smog is a mixture of smoke and fog, the word itself being a blend of the two.
Correct Answer: Industrial cities
Photochemical smog, formed by sunlight acting on vehicle and industrial emissions, is common in industrial cities.
Correct Answer: Warming of Earth
The greenhouse effect traps outgoing heat, resulting in warming of the Earth.
Correct Answer: Skin cancer
Ultraviolet radiation is a leading cause of skin cancer.
Correct Answer: Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol (1987) controls ozone-depleting substances.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Climate change
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) is the climate-change treaty that set binding emission targets for developed countries.
Correct Answer: 2016
The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016.
Correct Answer: Wetlands
The Ramsar Convention (1971) is the treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
Correct Answer: Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD stands for the Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted at Rio in 1992.
Correct Answer: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFCCC stands for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Correct Answer: Emission reduction
Carbon credits are tradable permits tied to emission reductions under climate schemes.
Correct Answer: Brundtland Report
The Brundtland Report ('Our Common Future', 1987) popularized the concept of sustainable development.
Correct Answer: UNFCCC
COP (Conference of the Parties) meetings are held under the UNFCCC.
Correct Answer: Rio de Janeiro
The first Earth Summit (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992.
Correct Answer: Overgrazing
Desertification is mainly driven by overgrazing, which strips vegetation and exposes soil.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Water bodies
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, lakes and oceans.
Correct Answer: Industrial waste
Industrial waste discharged into rivers is a major source of water pollution.
Correct Answer: Nutrients
Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) that trigger algal blooms.
Correct Answer: Organic matter
Sewage water mainly contains organic matter from human and household waste.
Correct Answer: Cholera
Cholera is a classic water-borne disease, spread through contaminated water.
Correct Answer: Purification
Purification is the process of making water fit for use, removing contaminants and pathogens.
Correct Answer: Reuse of waste material
Recycling means reusing waste material by reprocessing it into new products.
Correct Answer: Collection, transport & disposal
Solid waste management covers collection, transport and disposal of waste.
Correct Answer: Microorganisms
Biodegradable waste is decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
Correct Answer: Plastic
Plastic is non-biodegradable: it does not break down naturally by microorganisms.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Careful long-term use
Sustainable use of water means careful, long-term use that preserves supplies for the future.
Correct Answer: Water conservation
Rainwater harvesting collects and stores rainwater, aiding water conservation.
Correct Answer: Save water
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots, saving water compared with flooding fields.
Correct Answer: Wind
Wind is a renewable energy source; coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel, formed from ancient plant matter over millions of years.
Correct Answer: Animal waste
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of animal waste and other organic matter.
Correct Answer: Planting trees
Afforestation means planting trees on land that was not previously forested.
Correct Answer: Soil erosion
Deforestation removes the vegetation that holds soil in place, leading to soil erosion.
Correct Answer: Both present & future needs
Sustainable development meets both present and future needs, per the Brundtland definition.
Correct Answer: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
The 3Rs of waste management are Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
Topic Section
50 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Ecology
Ecology is the study of the interaction between organisms and their environment.
Correct Answer: Green plants
Producers in an ecosystem are green plants, which make food by photosynthesis.
Correct Answer: Herbivores
Consumers that eat only plants are called herbivores.
Correct Answer: Bacteria & fungi
Decomposers are mainly bacteria and fungi, which break down dead organic matter.
Correct Answer: Upright
The pyramid of energy is always upright, because energy is lost at each trophic level.
Correct Answer: Oxygen
Oxygen is the gas essential for respiration in most organisms.
Correct Answer: Greenhouse gas emission
The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gas emission from human activity.
Correct Answer: Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide has the highest global warming potential among the gases listed.
Correct Answer: Troposphere
The troposphere, the lowest atmospheric layer, contains maximum water vapour.
Correct Answer: Greenhouse effect
The trapping of heat by the atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect.
Correct Answer: Decibel
Noise pollution is measured in decibels.
Correct Answer: Vehicular emissions
Vehicular emissions are the main source of urban air pollution.
Correct Answer: All of these
Acid rain damages aquatic life, forests and buildings alike, so all of these.
Correct Answer: 5 June
World Environment Day is observed on 5 June each year (22 April is Earth Day).
Correct Answer: Ozone protection
The Vienna Convention (1985) provides the framework for ozone protection.
Correct Answer: Conference of Parties
COP stands for Conference of the Parties, the decision-making body of the UNFCCC.
Correct Answer: Control emissions
Carbon trading aims to control emissions by capping total emissions and allowing permit trading.
Correct Answer: Indus Delta
The Indus Delta, about 472,800 hectares, is Pakistan's largest Ramsar site.
Correct Answer: 1992
Pakistan signed the UNFCCC in June 1992 (ratified 1994).
Correct Answer: Soil conservation
Sustainable agriculture focuses on soil conservation and long-term soil health.
Correct Answer: Insufficient freshwater
Water scarcity refers to insufficient freshwater to meet demand.
Correct Answer: Over-extraction
Over-extraction of groundwater, mainly for irrigation, is the main cause of groundwater depletion.
Correct Answer: Pollutants
Wastewater treatment reduces pollutants in water before it is discharged or reused.
Correct Answer: Physical process
Primary treatment of sewage is a physical process: screening and sedimentation remove solids.
Correct Answer: Recycling organic waste
Composting is a method of recycling organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.
Correct Answer: Toxic metals
E-waste mainly contains toxic metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium.
Correct Answer: Organic waste
Organic waste is the major component of municipal solid waste in most cities.
Correct Answer: Waste-to-energy
Converting waste into energy is called waste-to-energy.
Correct Answer: Medical waste
Medical waste is hazardous waste: it can carry infections and toxic chemicals.
Correct Answer: Hospitals
Biomedical waste is generated from hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
Correct Answer: Brundtland Commission
Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987).
Correct Answer: Adjusting to climate impacts
Climate adaptation means adjusting to climate impacts, as opposed to reducing emissions.
Correct Answer: Reduce GHG emissions
Climate mitigation aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct Answer: Greenhouse gas emissions
A carbon footprint measures the greenhouse gas emissions caused by an activity or product.
Correct Answer: Kyoto Protocol
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) operates under the Kyoto Protocol.
Correct Answer: Marine life
Plastic pollution mainly affects marine life, through ingestion and entanglement.
Correct Answer: 5 mm
Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm.
Correct Answer: Carbon storage system
A carbon sink is a carbon storage system, such as a forest or ocean, that absorbs more carbon than it releases.
Correct Answer: Carbon sinks
Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
Correct Answer: Poor communities
Climate change mostly affects poor communities, which have the fewest resources to adapt.
Correct Answer: Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction is the major cause of biodiversity loss worldwide.
Correct Answer: At risk of extinction
Endangered species are those at risk of extinction.
Correct Answer: Conservation status of species
The IUCN Red List shows the conservation status of species.
Correct Answer: Natural habitat conservation
In-situ conservation means conserving species in their natural habitat.
Correct Answer: Zoos
Ex-situ conservation includes zoos, where species are conserved outside their natural habitat.
Correct Answer: Promote sustainable use
Biosphere reserves aim to promote sustainable use alongside conservation.
Correct Answer: Environmental impact
An ecological footprint indicates the environmental impact of a person or population.
Correct Answer: Conservation & reuse
Sustainable water management includes conservation and reuse of water.
Correct Answer: Safe disposal
The main objective of waste management is safe disposal of waste without harming health or the environment.
Correct Answer: Before project approval
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted before project approval, to predict its effects.
Source & verification
Built by GK360 from verified bank questions — every answer rechecked before publishing.
Questions
No. It is a Sir Adnan mock test headed 'PMS GK Environmental Science Mock Test', prepared for PMS Screening 2026. It is published as paperType 'mock', never as a past paper, and the year 2026 is the booklet's mock label, not a claimed exam session.
Nothing was dropped: all 100 printed items are published. Two booklet keys are corrected to the standard answer and flagged: Q29 (the first Earth Summit was Rio de Janeiro 1992; Stockholm 1972 was the first UN environment conference) and Q69 (Pakistan signed the UNFCCC in 1992 and ratified it in 1994).
Environmental science in six sections: ecosystems, biodiversity and earth systems (1-10); climate change and atmospheric pollution (11-20); international environmental conventions (21-30); water pollution and waste management (31-40); sustainable use of resources (41-50); and environment studies (51-100).
Among the long-lived gases listed, nitrous oxide has the highest global warming potential (about 273 times CO2 over 100 years). Water vapour is the most abundant greenhouse gas but is short-lived and is not assigned a GWP.
Explore GK360
Use these important GK360 sections to prepare for PPSC, FPSC, one paper exams, subject-wise MCQs, solved past papers and current affairs.
