PPSC Lecturer Political Science (BS-17) Past Paper 2022 Solved Solved MCQs

Correct Answer: Ibn-e-Khaldun

The concept of Asabiya (social cohesion or group solidarity) was famously introduced by the Arab historian and sociologist Ibn-e-Khaldun in his work, the Muqaddimah.

Correct Answer: Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi, the renowned Islamic philosopher, wrote a summary of Plato's 'Laws' and integrated Greek philosophy into Islamic thought.

Correct Answer: Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln believed deeply in human liberty and famously advocated that freedom should be extended to all men.

Correct Answer: Polity

Aristotle considered 'Polity' (rule by the many for the common good) as the most practical and stable form of government.

Correct Answer: Montesquieu

Baron de Montesquieu articulated the theory of separation of powers in his influential work 'The Spirit of the Laws' in 1748.

Correct Answer: Locke

John Locke is widely regarded as the 'Father of Liberalism' due to his theories on natural rights and government by consent.

Correct Answer: Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced the concept of the 'General Will', representing the collective interest of the citizens, in 'The Social Contract'.

Correct Answer: Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes notoriously described the state of nature as a paradoxical and brutal condition involving a war of every man against every man.

Correct Answer: Aristotle

Aristotle believed that the constitution is the defining lifeblood of the state; without it, a state loses its identity and structure.

Correct Answer: Responsible Government

A parliamentary government is also called a responsible government because the executive is accountable and responsible to the legislature.

Correct Answer: Unitary state

A unitary state is governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and local units hold only delegated power.

Correct Answer: Legislature

In a parliamentary system, the legislature is supreme because the executive branch is drawn from and remains accountable to it.

Correct Answer: Parliamentary System

In a Parliamentary System, the executive (Cabinet) is subject to daily questioning and retains power only as long as it has the confidence of the parliament.

Correct Answer: It means rule of the working classes

In Marxist theory, the proletariat refers to the working class, particularly those who do not own the means of production and sell their labor.

Correct Answer: Social phenomena

Marx viewed liberty not as an abstract individual right, but as a material and social phenomenon achievable only through the restructuring of society.

Correct Answer: Marxism

Historical materialism is a methodology used by Karl Marx to understand human history as a sequence of class struggles over material production.

Correct Answer: Right to vote granted to all adult citizens

Universal Adult Franchise ensures that every adult citizen, irrespective of wealth, gender, or social status, has the right to vote.

Correct Answer: Switzerland

Switzerland has a unique plural executive system where executive power is vested in a seven-member Federal Council.

Correct Answer: Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes introduced the modern concept of legal sovereignty in his book 'Leviathan', arguing for an absolute sovereign authority.

Correct Answer: Social contract

Hobbes posited that humans enter into a 'Social Contract' to leave the state of nature and form a civilized society and government.

Correct Answer: Ramsay Muir

Ramsay Muir, a British historian and political thinker, warned that civil servants wield significant power behind the facade of ministerial responsibility.

Correct Answer: Democracy

The Social Contract Theory, particularly through thinkers like Locke and Rousseau, laid the foundational principles for modern democratic governance.

Correct Answer: Austin

While Jean Bodin first conceptualized sovereignty, John Austin systematically developed the formal legal and analytical doctrine of absolute sovereignty.

Correct Answer: The sovereignty resides in the state alone

The monistic theory asserts that sovereignty is singular, absolute, and resides exclusively within the state itself.

Correct Answer: International law

Pluralists argue that sovereignty is not absolute and is restricted externally by international law and treaties.

Correct Answer: Maitland

F.W. Maitland was a key thinker who introduced pluralistic concepts to English political thought, challenging the absolute monistic view of sovereignty.

Correct Answer: Modern state

Social contract theory provided the secular, rational justification for the authority of the modern state, replacing the divine right of kings.

Correct Answer: Absolute theory of sovereignty

The monistic theory views sovereignty as indivisible, inalienable, and absolute, resting in one supreme central authority.

Correct Answer: International Telecommunication Union

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the UN specialized agency responsible for matters related to information and communication technologies.

Correct Answer: Ascribed status

An ascribed status is a social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.

Correct Answer: Henry Kissinger

Henry Kissinger wrote 'Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy' in 1957, which established his reputation as a leading strategic thinker.

Correct Answer: Hans J. Morgenthau

Hans J. Morgenthau formulated the six principles of political realism in his seminal 1948 text, 'Politics Among Nations'.

Correct Answer: Global level

A state's domestic capacity (stability, economic strength) typically dictates its strength and performance at the international or global level.

Correct Answer: Keep the powder dry

Diplomacy often involves negotiating peace while being prepared for conflict, encapsulated by the phrase 'trust in God and keep your powder dry'.

Correct Answer: 1868

The right of peers to vote by proxy in the House of Lords was formally suspended in 1868 to ensure members physically attended debates.

Correct Answer: Burma

Burma (now Myanmar) was a British colony until it gained its independence in 1948. Mozambique was Portuguese, and Vietnam was French.

Correct Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln made this famous definition of democracy during his historic Gettysburg Address in 1863.

Correct Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln wrote these famous words in a letter to Henry L. Pierce in 1859, opposing slavery.

Correct Answer: Antipater

The Greek poet Antipater of Sidon compiled one of the earliest and most famous lists of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Correct Answer: Al Farabi

Al Farabi wrote 'Al-Madina al-Fadila', a seminal philosophical work outlining his vision of an ideal, virtuous Islamic city-state.

Correct Answer: Al Farabi

Al Farabi, often called the 'Second Teacher' (Aristotle being the first), synthesized the political philosophies of both Plato and Aristotle.

Correct Answer: Aristotle

Aristotle famously proclaimed that 'man is by nature a social animal' in his foundational work, 'Politics'.

Correct Answer: Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham introduced the utilitarian theory, defining 'utility' as the property of an action to maximize happiness or pleasure.

Correct Answer: King/Queen

In British constitutional law, the monarch never dies and is never a minor in their official capacity, ensuring continuous sovereignty.

Correct Answer: National state

The modern state is generally conceptualized as a nation-state, characterized by sovereignty over a defined territory and population.

Correct Answer: All of these

Political science is a comprehensive social science that involves the study of the state, government frameworks, institutions, and political behavior.

Correct Answer: Comparative

James Bryce (Lord Bryce) was renowned for his empirical and comparative approach to political science, examining different political systems globally.

Correct Answer: Gilchrist

R.N. Gilchrist explicitly defined political science as the study of the state and government in his scholarly writings.

Correct Answer: The Vice-President

Under the US Constitution, the Vice President of the United States serves as the official President and presiding officer of the Senate.

Correct Answer: Supreme Court

The US Supreme Court plays a crucial balancing role in the American political system through its power of judicial review.

Correct Answer: Political parties

The Founding Fathers of the US feared 'factions' and designed the Constitution without the anticipation or formal inclusion of political parties.

Correct Answer: Public Service Commission

In some political science contexts, an independent Public Service Commission is referred to as the 'fifth wheel' because it stands outside the traditional branches of government but keeps administration running smoothly.

Correct Answer: All of these

Welfare administration encompasses all elements of managing, translating, and executing public social welfare policies.

Correct Answer: Devolution of powers

Local governments exist to facilitate the devolution of administrative and political powers to the grassroots level for better governance.

Correct Answer: Right to move the court for the enforcement of rights

The right to move courts is generally classified as a civil right or legal liberty, whereas voting, contesting, and criticizing are direct political liberties.

Correct Answer: Secularism

Secularism is the political principle of separating government institutions from religious institutions and ensuring freedom of worship.

Correct Answer: Speaker

The Lord Speaker presides over debates in the UK House of Lords, a role created to replace the Lord Chancellor's presiding function.

Correct Answer: 12

Historically, up to 12 'Law Lords' (Lords of Appeal in Ordinary) carried out the judicial work of the House of Lords until the UK Supreme Court was established.

Correct Answer: United Nations

The United Nations pioneered international human rights law, most notably adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.

Correct Answer: China

The People's Republic of China is governed as a single-party state by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Correct Answer: Unitary

Unitary states (like the UK) can operate with unwritten and flexible constitutions because the central parliament possesses absolute sovereign law-making power.

Correct Answer: John Austin

John Austin, an English legal theorist, is widely considered the founder of the analytical school of jurisprudence.

Correct Answer: Kindly

The sentence requires an adverb to modify the verb 'spoke'. 'Kindly' is the correct adverbial form.

Correct Answer: Complex situation

The phrase 'wheels within wheels' refers to a complicated situation characterized by indirect motives or intricate, interacting elements.

Correct Answer: Did the mother dry the clothes in the lawn?

The original sentence is in the past indefinite passive voice. The correct active conversion uses 'Did + subject + first form of verb'.

Correct Answer: I am greeted cheerfully by them every morning.

The present indefinite active changes to 'is/am/are + 3rd form of verb'. 'I am greeted' is the correct passive construction.

Correct Answer: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

'Hurrah' denotes joy, making it 'exclaimed with joy'. The present perfect tense 'have won' changes to past perfect 'had won' in indirect speech.

Correct Answer: Sayid Husain Bilgrami

Syed Hussain Bilgrami (Nawab Imad-ul-Mulk) drafted the memorandum presented by the 35 Muslim leaders to Lord Minto during the Shimla Deputation.

Correct Answer: General Sir Frank Walter Messervy

General Sir Frank Messervy was a British Indian Army officer who served as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1948.

Correct Answer: Rear Admiral Jafford James Wilfred

Rear Admiral James Wilfred Jefford (spelled Jafford in some texts) served as the first Flag Officer Commanding of the Royal Pakistan Navy after partition.

Correct Answer: became independent

Initially, the Nizam of Hyderabad refused to accede to either India or Pakistan, declaring his intent to remain independent until India annexed it via Operation Polo in 1948.

Correct Answer: Teja Singh

Justice Teja Singh, alongside Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan, represented the non-Muslims (Sikhs and Hindus) on the Punjab Boundary Commission.

Correct Answer: Junagarh

The Nawab of Junagarh signed an instrument of accession with Pakistan, but India forcibly annexed the Hindu-majority state.

Correct Answer: Tehreek-e-Istaqlal

Air Marshal Asghar Khan entered politics and founded the Tehreek-e-Istaqlal party in 1970.

Correct Answer: All of these

Pakistan's foreign policy is multidimensional, centering on national defense, the Kashmir dispute, and fostering economic trade ties.

Correct Answer: 30 years

According to the Constitution of Pakistan (Article 62), a person must be at least 30 years old to be elected to the Senate.

Correct Answer: 01

Under Article 228 of the 1973 Constitution, the Council of Islamic Ideology must have at least one woman member.

Correct Answer: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman famously stated 'Friendship to all, malice towards none' in his 1974 UN General Assembly speech outlining Bangladesh's foreign policy.

Correct Answer: 1909

The Minto-Morley Reforms (Indian Councils Act 1909) formally introduced and accepted the system of separate electorates for Muslims.

Correct Answer: 1939

The Sharif Report was published in 1939 to document the hardships and grievances of Muslims under the provincial Congress ministries in Bihar.

Correct Answer: 1908

Following the death of Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk took over as the Secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Aligarh College in January 1908.

Correct Answer: 1973

The 1973 Constitution declared Islam as the state religion and contains the most comprehensive Islamic provisions compared to the 1956 and 1962 constitutions.

Correct Answer: Iskandar Mirza

President Iskandar Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution and declared the first Martial Law in Pakistan on October 7, 1958.

Correct Answer: 1956

Pakistan officially transitioned from a dominion to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan with the adoption of its first constitution on March 23, 1956.

Correct Answer: 1989

A major armed insurgency erupted in Indian-administered Kashmir in 1989 following disputed state elections in 1987.

Correct Answer: 4500 MW

The Diamer-Bhasha Dam project on the Indus River is designed to have an installed electricity generation capacity of 4,500 MW.

Correct Answer: Shah Wali Ullah

Hujjat Allah al-Baligha is the magnum opus of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, comprehensively explaining Islamic principles and theology.

Correct Answer: 1968

While initial agreements occurred earlier, the boundary dispute was fully concluded with the frontier treaty finalized and implemented by 1968.

Correct Answer: Constitutional formula

The Bogra Formula, presented in 1953 by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra to resolve representation issues between East and West Pakistan, is often called the Constitutional Formula.

Correct Answer: Allah Almighty

The core tenet of the Objectives Resolution (1949) is that absolute sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone.

Correct Answer: July

The famous Shandur Polo Festival, played on the highest polo ground in the world between Gilgit and Chitral teams, is held annually in July.

Correct Answer: Finance minister

While technically any authorized government minister can present it in the National Assembly, the Finance Minister traditionally introduces the Money Bill (Budget).

Correct Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used as a source of chemical energy.

Correct Answer: H5N1

H5N1 is a highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.

Correct Answer: Entomology

Entomology is the branch of zoology that deals specifically with the scientific study of insects.

Correct Answer: 680 MB

Historically, early CD-ROMs had a storage capacity of about 650-680 MB before 700 MB became the standard.

Correct Answer: 03

In classic versions of MS Excel (like Excel 2003, 2010), new workbooks opened with 3 default worksheets (Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3).

Correct Answer: 9.2 m

Using trigonometry, Cos 60° = Base / Hypotenuse. 0.5 = 4.6 / Length. Length = 4.6 / 0.5 = 9.2 meters.

Correct Answer: خوشی سے

اردو لغت میں 'طیب خاطر' کا مطلب خوشی سے، رضا مندی سے، یا دل کی خوشی سے ہوتا ہے۔

Correct Answer: برجستہ شاعر

بدیہہ گوئی کا مطلب بغیر سوچے سمجھے فوراً یا برجستہ شعر کہنا ہے۔