December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs for PPSC & FPSC

Correct Answer: Arwa Hanin

Arwa Hanin made history by becoming the first Arab woman and Palestinian to be elected president of the Oxford Union. This marks a significant milestone for representation in the prestigious debating society.

Correct Answer: Tonga

Lord Fakafanua assumed the office of Prime Minister in Tonga, bringing a new leadership dynamic to the Pacific island nation. His appointment followed recent political shifts in the region.

Correct Answer: Withholding of NFC Funds

The federal finance ministry categorically denied allegations made by the KPK provincial government that its mandated National Finance Commission (NFC) share was being unconstitutionally withheld.

Correct Answer: Adil Raja

YouTuber and former military officer Adil Raja faced legal actions and was added to restricted lists due to ongoing cases regarding anti-state narratives.

Correct Answer: Sharif Osman Hadi

The assassination of key student leader Sharif Osman Hadi sparked massive nationwide unrest and demonstrations across universities in Bangladesh.

Correct Answer: Bangladesh

Bangladesh witnessed renewed waves of violent demonstrations and clashes following the targeted killing of a prominent anti-government student activist.

Correct Answer: Andrej Babis

Andrej Babis returned to power as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic following the 2025 general elections, focusing on economic sovereignty and populist reforms[cite: 504, 507].

Correct Answer: 1 Million

Donald Trump introduced a controversial '$1 Million Gold Card' program intended to streamline citizenship for wealthy investors[cite: 538, 541].

Correct Answer: Colombia

Trump issued a warning to Colombia regarding the rise in cocaine production, threatening diplomatic and economic repercussions[cite: 543, 545].

Correct Answer: Belgium

Belgium officially submitted a complaint to the International Criminal Court (ICC) regarding alleged war crimes committed by Israeli forces[cite: 546, 550].

Correct Answer: ICC Members

The US imposed sanctions on certain ICC officials and members in response to investigations involving US personnel or allies[cite: 552, 555].

Correct Answer: Afghan Clerics

Afghan clerics held a summit and passed a resolution urging an end to cross-border militancy affecting Pakistan's stability[cite: 562, 563].

Correct Answer: Terrorism from Afghan side in Pakistan

The Prime Minister highlighted the security challenges posed by militant safe havens in Afghanistan during his diplomatic mission to Azerbaijan[cite: 567, 568].

Correct Answer: PTI

The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) announced a strategic national conference [cite: 620] to outline its future political and economic roadmap for the country[cite: 619].

Correct Answer: Prabowo Subianto

Prabowo Subianto assumed office as the President of Indonesia [cite: 667], focusing on economic growth and strengthening regional security alliances[cite: 665].

Correct Answer: Frances Lucas Philippe

Frances Lucas Philippe was elected during the Interpol General Assembly [cite: 704] to lead the international policing organization for the next term[cite: 702].

Correct Answer: Nnena Kalu

Nnena Kalu, known for her vibrant and dynamic sculptural installations, won the 2025 Turner Prize. She is the first artist with learning disabilities to receive this prestigious British contemporary art award.

Correct Answer: First Sunday of December

Sindhi Cultural Day is widely celebrated on the first Sunday of December every year. People wear traditional Ajrak and Sindhi Topi to honor the region's rich heritage.

Correct Answer: Borendo

The Borendo, an ancient clay wind instrument from Sindh, was recognized by UNESCO to highlight the need for preserving Pakistan's unique and endangered musical traditions[cite: 493, 495].

Correct Answer: Hend Sabry

Renowned Tunisian actress Hend Sabry was honored with the Omar Sharif Award for her significant impact on Arab cinema and global artistic excellence[cite: 524, 526].

Correct Answer: Dhurandhar

The film 'Dhurandhar' faced a ban in Gulf regions due to concerns that its content negatively portrayed Pakistan and could incite regional tension[cite: 556, 559].

Correct Answer: Myanmar

Myanmar's military junta conducted airstrikes on civilian infrastructure, including a hospital, amid ongoing internal conflicts. These actions have drawn widespread international condemnation.

Correct Answer: None of these

The options provided do not match the specific high-ranking Hamas commander targeted in the recent timeframe referenced by the source key.

Correct Answer: Russia

A high-profile drone attack targeted a residency associated with Russian leadership, marking a significant escalation in deep-strike capabilities during the ongoing conflict.

Correct Answer: Youth and civil society participation

The UN dialogues emphasized the crucial role of youth and civil society in maintaining peace and preventing conflicts globally. It aimed to integrate these demographics into formal peacebuilding processes.

Correct Answer: Mohammad Ali Ahmad al-Haddad

Lieutenant General Mohammad Ali Ahmad al-Haddad, the Chief of General Staff of the Libyan Army, tragically died in a plane crash. His death raised concerns about military stability in the fractured nation.

Correct Answer: Chaman Border

Due to humanitarian crises and harsh winter conditions in Afghanistan, Pakistan temporarily eased restrictions to allow emergency aid trucks to pass through the Chaman border crossing.

Correct Answer: Netherlands

The 2025 NATO Summit took place in The Hague, Netherlands. Alliance members gathered to discuss European security architecture and ongoing support mechanisms for Ukraine.

Correct Answer: Russia

The inaugural BRIC (before South Africa joined) summit took place in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in June 2009. The alliance was formed to challenge Western economic hegemony.

Correct Answer: Partnership for mutually accelerated growth

The 2025 BRICS Summit in Brazil operated under the theme 'Partnership for mutually accelerated growth,' emphasizing sustainable development and expansion of the bloc's financial systems.

Correct Answer: 17th

Brazil hosted the 17th annual BRICS Summit in 2025, bringing together leaders from the expanded bloc to discuss multipolar trade mechanisms.

Correct Answer: Brazil

The 2025 BRICS summit was successfully hosted by Brazil. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva welcomed the heads of state from the member nations.

Correct Answer: 10

Following its expansion in 2024 (where countries like Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE joined, while Saudi Arabia remained in process and Argentina declined), BRICS operates with 10 core members.

Correct Answer: Philippines

The Philippines is slated to take over the rotating chairmanship of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2026.

Correct Answer: Pakistan

Pakistan is scheduled to host the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit, continuing its active role in regional diplomacy and economic integration.

Correct Answer: Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, commonly known as MBZ, serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates and the Ruler of Abu Dhabi.

Correct Answer: Turkey

The aviation accident involving high-ranking Libyan military officials occurred within Turkish airspace, triggering joint investigations.

Correct Answer: Catherine Connolly

Catherine Connolly emerged as a prominent figure in Irish politics, representing shifts in the national leadership discourse in 2025.

Correct Answer: Muhammad Taha

Pakistani security guard Muhammad Taha was hailed as a national hero and granted permanent residency for his bravery during the tragic Sydney stabbing attack.

Correct Answer: Daish

Investigations into several lone-wolf attacks globally often trace ideological inspirations back to extremist propaganda spread by Daesh networks online.

Correct Answer: Sydney

Bondi Beach is one of the most iconic and heavily populated tourist locations situated in Sydney, New South Wales.

Correct Answer: Lithuania

Lithuania, a Baltic NATO member, heightened its national security protocols in response to continuous airspace incursions by surveillance balloons crossing from Belarus.

Correct Answer: Human rights, our every day essentials

The 2025 theme focuses on integrating human rights into the fundamental daily life and basic needs of every global citizen[cite: 637].

Correct Answer: Human rights day

December 10th marks the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN in 1948[cite: 648, 651].

Correct Answer: Melania Trump

Melania Trump was honored with the 'Patriot of the Year' award [cite: 657] at a high-profile ceremony in the United States[cite: 655, 656].

Correct Answer: 7 December

Established by the ICAO, December 7th [cite: 697] highlights the importance of aviation in global social and economic development.

Correct Answer: Denmark

Denmark consistently ranks at the top of the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index due to its strong institutions, low corruption, and effective justice system. It retained its leading position in the 2025 report.

Correct Answer: USA

The Global Vibrancy Index measures economic, cultural, and social dynamism. The USA took the top spot due to its resilient economy and dominant cultural output.

Correct Answer: United Arab Emirates

According to the Arton Capital Passport Index, the UAE recently claimed the top spot for global mobility, allowing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to the vast majority of countries.

Correct Answer: Singapore and Spain

Singapore and Spain consistently rank at the very top of global mobility indices, sharing the second spot for offering unparalleled travel freedom to their citizens.

Correct Answer: Afghanistan

Due to severe restrictions on women's education, employment, and public life under the Taliban government, Afghanistan ranks lowest on the WPS Index.

Correct Answer: Venezuela

Venezuela consistently ranks at the very bottom of the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index due to severe systemic corruption and a lack of judicial independence.

Correct Answer: WJP

The World Justice Project (WJP) is an independent organization that publishes the annual Rule of Law Index, evaluating over 140 countries.

Correct Answer: 130 out of 143

Pakistan struggles with significant challenges in fundamental rights, corruption, and civil justice, placing it near the bottom of the WJP index.

Correct Answer: Denmark

Denmark is globally recognized for having the strongest rule of law, with exceptionally low levels of corruption and a highly transparent government system.

Correct Answer: USA

The United States seized Venezuelan oil tankers as part of the enforcement of its ongoing sanctions regime against the Venezuelan government. This move was aimed at cutting off revenue streams to Nicolas Maduro's administration.

Correct Answer: Transnational repression and civil liberties erosion

US lawmakers formally raised concerns over alleged transnational repression and the erosion of civil liberties within Pakistan. This sparked diplomatic discussions regarding human rights standards.

Correct Answer: President of Indonesia

The President of Indonesia, Prabowo Subianto, conducted a maiden state visit to Pakistan in December 2025 to strengthen bilateral ties, particularly in trade and defense cooperation.

Correct Answer: India

Amid stalled SAARC proceedings, Pakistan floated the idea of a new regional economic and cooperation bloc that would exclude India, aiming to boost trade with other neighboring and Central Asian states.

Correct Answer: Yemen port strike incident

Following a targeted strike incident near a port by Houthi rebels in Yemen, Pakistan swiftly condemned the attack and reaffirmed its unwavering support for the territorial integrity of Saudi Arabia.

Correct Answer: UAE

The President of the United Arab Emirates conducted an official state visit to Pakistan to bolster economic investments and strategic defense cooperation.

Correct Answer: Nigeria

Pakistan and Nigeria established a bilateral framework to share intelligence, legal expertise, and best practices to combat state-level corruption.

Correct Answer: Nishan-e-Pakistan

Nishan-e-Pakistan is the highest civil honor awarded to foreign dignitaries for their exceptional services in promoting strong bilateral relations with Pakistan.

Correct Answer: Indonesia President

President Prabowo Subianto made his first official visit to Pakistan [cite: 672] to sign multiple trade and defense MOUs between Jakarta and Islamabad[cite: 671].

Correct Answer: Greece

Greek farmers protested en masse, blocking major highways with their tractors to demand better economic support and subsidies. The demonstrations were triggered by rising agricultural costs and climate-related crop losses.

Correct Answer: Immediate EU subsidy payments

The protesting Greek farmers demanded the immediate release of delayed agricultural subsidies from the European Union to offset surging production costs. They argued that these payments were vital for their survival.

Correct Answer: 5.6%

Pakistan's headline inflation dropped to 5.6% in December 2025, reflecting a significant easing of price pressures compared to the hyperinflation seen in previous years. This decline was attributed to monetary tightening and lower commodity prices.

Correct Answer: 11th

The 11th National Finance Commission (NFC) award discussions commenced to determine the new formula for resource distribution between the federal government and the provinces of Pakistan.

Correct Answer: $1.2 billion bailout tranche

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Executive Board approved a critical $1.2 billion loan tranche for Pakistan. This disbursement was part of a larger ongoing Extended Fund Facility (EFF) to support economic stabilization.

Correct Answer: 20.41%

Pakistan experienced a severe 20.41% drop in merchandise exports due to reduced global demand for textiles and rising domestic energy costs hindering manufacturing competitiveness.

Correct Answer: South Korea

South Korea hosted the 2025 APEC summit, focusing on regional economic integration, supply chain resilience, and transitioning to green energy architectures.

Correct Answer: 3%

The ADB revised Pakistan's growth forecast upward to 3% for FY2025, citing improved macroeconomic stability, lower inflation, and critical policy measures.

Correct Answer: Oman

Oman issued special commemorative Rial banknotes to mark significant national milestones and the modernization of its financial systems.

Correct Answer: Arif Habib Group

The privatization process of the national flag carrier PIA concluded with the Arif Habib Group successfully securing the winning bid for majority shares.

Correct Answer: 23 December 2025

The Pakistani government finalized the historic privatization deal for Pakistan International Airlines on December 23, 2025, after extensive negotiations.

Correct Answer: 135 Billion Rupees

The acquisition of a massive 75% controlling stake in the national airline was locked in for a total sum of 135 billion Pakistani rupees.

Correct Answer: $700 million

The World Bank disbursed $700 million to assist the Pakistani government in implementing critical structural, economic, and institutional reforms.

Correct Answer: Israel

Israel approved a massive expansion of natural gas exports to neighboring Egypt from its offshore Leviathan and Tamar fields in the Mediterranean.

Correct Answer: Neal Mohan

YouTube CEO Neal Mohan was honored by Time Magazine for his leadership in navigating the platform through the AI era and expanding creator monetization[cite: 499, 501].

Correct Answer: India

Microsoft's massive investment in India [cite: 663] is aimed at expanding cloud infrastructure and AI training programs for the local workforce[cite: 661].

Correct Answer: Thailand

Thailand hosted the 33rd SEA Games across multiple cities, including Bangkok, Chonburi, and Songkhla. It served as a major sporting event for nations in the Southeast Asian region.

Correct Answer: Morocco

Morocco's national football team clinched the FIFA Arab Cup title in 2025, showcasing their growing dominance and skill in regional football.

Correct Answer: Pakistan

The Pakistan U-19 cricket team claimed victory in the youth Asia Cup, showcasing the next generation of dominant cricketing talent.

Correct Answer: Lionel Messi

Lionel Messi continued his legacy by being named the Most Valuable Player of 2025, recognizing his outstanding performance in international football[cite: 510, 513].

Correct Answer: Ajay Wilson

Ajay Wilson received the prestigious title for exceptional contributions to sports, representing Tunisia's growing presence in global athletics[cite: 518, 521].

Correct Answer: China

China completed the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel in its Xinjiang region, marking it as the world's longest highway tunnel. The engineering marvel significantly reduces travel time across the Tianshan mountain range.

Correct Answer: Pakistan

Pakistan's space agency, SUPARCO, announced plans to send a lunar rover as part of China's Chang'e-8 mission scheduled for 2026, marking a historic milestone for the country.

Correct Answer: Ahmad Abbas

Dr. Ahmad Abbas pioneered the use of photodynamic (light activation) therapy for highly targeted and effective colorectal cancer treatment in Pakistan.

Correct Answer: Australia

Australia passed landmark, world-first legislation to impose a strict age limit of 16 for users on major platforms to protect youth mental health.

Correct Answer: NASA

The MAVEN mission, operated by NASA, is designed to study the Martian atmosphere and how it lost its water and air over billions of years[cite: 534, 535].

Correct Answer: NASA

NASA launched the TRACERS mission to observe how the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field [cite: 629], which is crucial for protecting global satellite and power infrastructure[cite: 628].

Correct Answer: Afar

The Afar Depression in Ethiopia is a unique tectonic junction [cite: 681] where three plates are pulling apart, which will eventually allow the Red Sea to flood the valley[cite: 678].

Correct Answer: 45 million

In a massive public health drive, Pakistan targeted 45 million children under the age of five in its nationwide anti-polio vaccination campaign to eradicate the lingering virus.

Correct Answer: Ghana

Ghana achieved a major public health milestone [cite: 700] by being the first on the continent to be certified free of river blindness transmission[cite: 698].

Correct Answer: Libya

Pakistan secured a significant defense export contract with Libya, agreeing to supply domestically manufactured military hardware and provide training support to Libyan forces.

Correct Answer: Decrease in terrorist attacks

Security reports indicated that the stringent closure and regulation of the Pak-Afghan border crossings led to a temporary decrease in cross-border militant infiltrations and attacks.

Correct Answer: 34%

Security think tanks reported a 34% surge in militant violence and terrorist incidents across Pakistan during the year 2025, primarily concentrated in the western border provinces.

Correct Answer: Pakistan

Pakistan remains the largest importer of Chinese military hardware globally, acquiring advanced fighter jets, submarines, and air defense systems.

Correct Answer: Pakistan Army Chief

The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of Pakistan received unprecedented international military honors from allied nations, making him the most decorated.

Correct Answer: Saudi Arabia

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia deepened their historical security ties by signing a comprehensive intelligence-sharing and counter-terrorism pact.

Correct Answer: China

The advanced Hangor-class submarines are being built in strategic collaboration with China, significantly upgrading Pakistan's underwater defense capabilities.

Correct Answer: Druzhba-2025

Druzhba (meaning Friendship) is a recurring joint counter-terrorism exercise primarily conducted between Russian and Pakistani special forces.

Correct Answer: AMAN-2025

Exercise AMAN is a major multinational naval drill hosted by Pakistan in the Arabian Sea to promote regional peace, maritime security, and interoperability.

Correct Answer: Counter-terrorism

Special forces from Pakistan and Morocco trained together at the National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) in Cherat to refine counter-terrorism tactics.

Correct Answer: Shaheen Strike-II

Shaheen Strike-II is a bilateral military drill aimed at enhancing tactical interoperability between the Pakistani and Indonesian armed forces.

Correct Answer: Al Battar-II

Exercise Al-Battar II involved comprehensive tactical drills to improve the combat readiness and coordination of both Saudi and Pakistani special forces.

Correct Answer: Druzhba-2025

Druzhba-2025 is the official designation for the joint military exercises emphasizing tactical elimination of terrorist threats by Russian and allied forces.

Correct Answer: Warrior-IX

Warrior-IX is part of the ongoing bilateral military cooperation between China's PLA and the Pakistan Army to combat regional terrorism.

Correct Answer: ISKP

The Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) is a highly active and violent regional branch of the broader ISIL terrorist network.

Correct Answer: Sultan Aziz Azzam

In a major intelligence-based operation, security agencies apprehended Sultan Aziz Azzam, a key regional spokesperson for the militant network.

Correct Answer: China

Pakistan and China regularly conduct joint counter-terrorism drills (like Warrior-IX) to secure regional economic corridors and their shared borders.

Correct Answer: Daish Khurasan

Intelligence agencies severely degraded the operational capabilities of ISKP (Daesh Khorasan) by successfully capturing its regional spokesperson.

Correct Answer: Daish

Targeted kinetic operations and intelligence sweeps significantly dismantled Daesh (ISKP) sleeper cells operating near Pakistan's western borders.

Correct Answer: FM-90

The surface-to-air FM-90 missiles were test-fired from naval warships to demonstrate fleet air defense readiness and precision strike capabilities.

Correct Answer: $686 Million

The US government approved a $686 million sustainment and technology upgrade package to keep Pakistan's F-16 fleet operationally viable[cite: 591, 596].

Correct Answer: China and Russia

The joint strategic air patrol by China and Russia near Japanese borders increased regional tensions and prompted scrambles by Japan's air self-defense forces[cite: 597, 600].

Correct Answer: Turkiye

Turkiye is partnering with Pakistan [cite: 707] to establish a facility for producing advanced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) locally[cite: 706].

Correct Answer: Brazil

Brazil hosted the landmark COP30 climate summit in Belém, located in the Amazon rainforest. The conference focused heavily on global deforestation targets and climate finance.

Correct Answer: Canada

Canada experienced extreme Arctic blasts, leading to historically low temperatures of -54°C in certain northern and western regions.

Correct Answer: Zunaira Qayyum

Zunaira Qayyum made headlines as a prominent young climate activist from Pakistan and was recognized globally for her advocacy at the COP29 climate summit.

Correct Answer: World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) provides the definitive annual reports on global climate indicators, greenhouse gas concentrations, and extreme weather events.

Correct Answer: 75%

Rising sea temperatures led to a devastating bleaching event, resulting in the loss of 75% of Gonopora Corals in Australia's Great Barrier Reef[cite: 530, 531].

Correct Answer: India, Bangladesh and Pakistan

International watchdogs flagged India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan [cite: 645, 646] over concerns that climate funds were being mismanaged or lost to systemic corruption[cite: 640, 642].

Correct Answer: Mediterranean Sea

The Barcelona Convention members agreed on stricter pollution controls [cite: 684] and marine protected areas to combat biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean[cite: 683].

Correct Answer: Cairo

The 24th Conference of the Parties (COP24) to the Barcelona Convention took place in Cairo [cite: 688], focusing on the 'Blue Economy' and Mediterranean sustainability[cite: 687].

Correct Answer: Antarctica

Satellite data from late 2025 showed a significant reduction in the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica [cite: 696], marking a success for the Montreal Protocol[cite: 692, 695].

Correct Answer: 18th

Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto was assassinated on December 27, 2007, in Rawalpindi. The year 2025 marked her 18th death anniversary.

Correct Answer: 149th

Born on December 25, 1876, the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's 149th birth anniversary was marked across the nation in 2025.

Correct Answer: 27 December 2025

Dr. Shamshad Akhtar was a trailblazing economist who served as the 14th Governor of the SBP, becoming the first woman to hold the prestigious position.

Correct Answer: Punjab Protection of Ownership Immovable Property Act, 2025

The Lahore High Court temporarily suspended this property act pending a thorough judicial review over concerns regarding citizen land ownership rights.

Correct Answer: 14 years

Former Prime Minister Imran Khan and his spouse were sentenced to 14 years of rigorous imprisonment in the highly publicized Toshakhana state gifts reference.

Correct Answer: Justice Tariq Mehmood Jahangiri

Justice Jahangiri faced formal disciplinary proceedings and eligibility challenges regarding his educational and judicial credentials.

Correct Answer: Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that compelling a person to undergo a DNA test for paternity without strong, lawful justification violates their constitutional right to privacy.

Correct Answer: £310,000

The London High Court ordered Adil Raja to pay damages and costs totaling £310,000 in a defamation lawsuit involving a high-ranking Pakistani official[cite: 573, 577].

Correct Answer: 14 Years

Former ISI chief Faiz Hameed was sentenced to 14 years of rigorous imprisonment following a court martial over misuse of authority[cite: 581, 583].

Correct Answer: 11 December 2025

The military court delivered the verdict against the former intelligence head on December 11, 2025[cite: 586, 587].

Correct Answer: Riffat Mukhtar Raja

Riffat Mukhtar Raja was appointed to lead the FIA, Pakistan's premier intelligence and federal investigation agency, to counter cybercrime and corruption.

Correct Answer: 333 persons per square kilometre

Pakistan's population density has reached 333 people per square kilometer [cite: 610], reflecting rapid urbanization and one of the highest growth rates in South Asia[cite: 605, 606].

Correct Answer: 257 million

Official estimates for late 2025 place Pakistan's population at approximately 257 million [cite: 613], maintaining its position as the world's fifth most populous nation[cite: 612].

Correct Answer: University of Sargodha

The University of Sargodha is set to establish a campus in China [cite: 627], marking a significant step in educational diplomacy and academic exchange between the two nations[cite: 624, 625].