CSS · Federal Public Service Commission · 2026
Solved CSS MPT Everyday Science practice set from the 1000 Advanced Booklet, Q451–500 — 49 MCQs with verified answers and explanations (biogas, hydropower, nuclear waste, natural gas and LPG, uranium, Thar coal, solar and geothermal firsts, Pakistan's oil and gas firsts). A practice compilation, not a past paper.
Paper Snapshot
Questions
49
Time
49
Minutes
Subjects
1
Topics
5
Read mode shows correct answers. Attempt mode hides answers, starts timer, and shows your result after submission.
About this paper
Part 10 (Q451–500) of the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation (monster-data 'CSS MPT PAST PAPERS' pack). The booklet prints statement + answer only, so each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision and optionsSource recorded as 'authored'. 49 of 50 printed items are published; printed Q499 (first hydro power project in Sindh as Kotri Barrage) is dropped as unanswerable as printed, since no hydropower plant is in operation in Sindh and Kotri is an irrigation/flood-control barrage whose original design included hydroelectric generation that was not realised as an operating plant, so no single standard answer is identifiable. One correction: Q497 largest refinery capacity (Cnergyico at Hub, Balochistan, not the booklet's Karachi label; the company is headquartered in Karachi). Two NOTE flags: Q458 (uranium-238 is the most abundant isotope; uranium-235 is the fissile fuel isotope, the booklet's intended answer) and Q462 (natural gas efficiency is frame-dependent — most efficient fossil-fuel generator in combined cycle). This is a practice set, never titled as a past paper, and Q501–1000 remain for later runs.
Paper Controls
Subject 1
Topic Section
7 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Biogas
Energy generated from animal dung is called biogas: anaerobic digestion of dung and other organic waste produces a methane-rich gas used for cooking and power.
Correct Answer: Hydropower
Hydropower is the most efficient renewable energy technology by conversion efficiency: a hydro turbine converts around 90% of the water's energy into electricity, well above wind and solar conversion rates.
Correct Answer: Irregular supply
The main disadvantage of wind energy is irregular supply: wind is intermittent, so output varies with the weather and needs storage or backup generation.
Correct Answer: Dams
Hydropower stations require construction of dams in the booklet's conventional frame: a dam impounds water and creates the head that drives the turbines.
Correct Answer: Photovoltaic cells
Solar energy is harnessed using photovoltaic cells: the cells convert sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Correct Answer: Italy (1904)
The world's first geothermal plant was built in Italy in 1904, at Larderello in Tuscany, where geothermal steam first generated electricity.
Correct Answer: Biodiesel
Biodiesel is the fuel obtained from plant oils: vegetable oils and animal fats are converted (transesterified) into a diesel substitute.
Topic Section
5 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Radioactive waste
The major disadvantage of nuclear energy is radioactive waste: spent fuel and contaminated material stay hazardous for thousands of years and need long-term isolation.
Correct Answer: Uranium-235
Uranium-235 is the fissile isotope used as nuclear fuel: it is the isotope whose nuclei split in a reactor chain reaction, sustaining power generation.
Correct Answer: Uranium
The primary nuclear fuel used in Pakistan is uranium: the country's reactors run on uranium fuel, principally uranium-235.
Correct Answer: Kazakhstan
The main producer of uranium in the world is Kazakhstan, the largest uranium-mining country by output, ahead of Canada and Australia.
Correct Answer: Calder Hall, UK (1956)
The first commercial nuclear power station in the world was Calder Hall in the UK, opened in 1956: Obninsk (1954) was the first plant to feed a grid, but Calder Hall was the first built at commercial scale.
Topic Section
20 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Gaseous form
Natural gas is transported in pipelines in gaseous form: it flows as a gas under pressure, unlike LNG, which is the liquefied form used for shipping by tanker.
Correct Answer: Fly ash
The byproduct of burning coal is fly ash: the fine mineral residue carried out with the flue gases of a coal furnace, distinct from coke, which is made by heating coal without air.
Correct Answer: Propane & butane
Petroleum gas mainly contains propane and butane: this liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mixture is the fuel stored in pressurised cylinders.
Correct Answer: Unconventional oil
Oil shale is a source of unconventional oil: its kerogen must be heated (retorted) to yield oil, unlike conventional crude, which flows from a reservoir.
Correct Answer: Natural gas
Natural gas is the booklet's conventional answer for the most energy-efficient fuel: among fossil fuels it burns cleanest and, in combined-cycle plants, converts fuel to electricity most efficiently.
Correct Answer: Russia
The world's largest natural gas reserves are in Russia, ahead of Iran and Qatar.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
The main pollutant from fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide (CO₂): burning coal, oil and gas releases far more CO₂ than any other pollutant, driving global warming.
Correct Answer: The earliest form of coal
Peat is considered the earliest form of coal: partly decayed plant matter in waterlogged ground is the first stage of the coalification sequence, before lignite.
Correct Answer: Iran
The oldest oil-producing country in the Middle East is Iran: oil was struck at Masjed Soleyman in May 1908, the region's first commercial discovery, decades before Saudi production began.
Correct Answer: Crude oil
Petroleum is commonly known as crude oil: the unrefined oil drawn from the ground, before fractional distillation into petrol, diesel and other products.
Correct Answer: Global warming
The burning of fossil fuels increases global warming: the carbon dioxide released traps heat in the atmosphere and raises global temperatures.
Correct Answer: Syngas
The main product of coal gasification is syngas: reacting coal with steam and oxygen produces a synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Correct Answer: High pressure & temperature
Petroleum is formed under high pressure and temperature: buried marine organisms were transformed over millions of years by heat and pressure into oil.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Burning of coal releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), the principal greenhouse gas from coal combustion.
Correct Answer: Petroleum (crude oil)
LPG is produced during refining of petroleum (crude oil): propane and butane are separated in the refining process and liquefied under pressure.
Correct Answer: Lubricants
Petroleum products include petrol, diesel, kerosene, and lubricants: lubricating oils are one of the heavier fractions from crude-oil distillation.
Correct Answer: Pipelines & tankers
Oil is transported from refineries through pipelines and tankers: pipelines carry it overland and tankers carry it by sea and road.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the fossil fuel that produces sulfur oxides on burning: its sulphur content oxidises to sulphur dioxide, the main source of acid rain from fuel combustion.
Correct Answer: Dead sea organisms
Petroleum was formed from dead sea organisms: tiny marine plants and animals buried under sediment were transformed by heat and pressure into oil, while land plants formed coal.
Correct Answer: China
The leading coal-producing country in the world is China, by far the largest coal producer, ahead of India and the United States.
Topic Section
12 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Sui (Balochistan)
The first natural gas field discovered in Pakistan was Sui in Balochistan, found in 1952, opening the country's gas era.
Correct Answer: PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission)
Pakistan's nuclear power plants are supervised by PAEC, the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, which owns and operates the country's civilian nuclear plants.
Correct Answer: Thar (Sindh)
The biggest coal reserves in Pakistan are found at Thar in Sindh, the huge lignite field discovered in 1992, holding the bulk of the country's coal.
Correct Answer: 2015
The first LNG import in Pakistan was in 2015, when the Port Qasim LNG terminal received the country's first cargoes.
Correct Answer: Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park (Bahawalpur)
Pakistan's largest solar power project is the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park at Bahawalpur, inaugurated in 2015.
Correct Answer: Sindh
Coal reserves are mainly found in Sindh province in Pakistan: the Thar field alone holds the overwhelming bulk of the country's coal.
Correct Answer: Natural gas
The most common fossil fuel in Pakistan is natural gas: it has long been the country's leading indigenous fuel, feeding power, industry, fertiliser and domestic use.
Correct Answer: Karachi
Pakistan's largest oil storage facility is at Karachi: the Keamari oil installation area is the country's major oil storage terminal, through which almost all oil marketing companies supply the country.
Correct Answer: Khaur (Attock)
Pakistan's first commercial oil well was drilled at Khaur in Attock, where oil was first discovered in 1915.
Correct Answer: DGPC (Directorate General of Petroleum Concessions)
Oil and gas exploration in Pakistan is regulated by DGPC, the Directorate General of Petroleum Concessions, which grants exploration licences and monitors concessions.
Correct Answer: Power generation
Coal is mainly used in Pakistan for power generation: Thar-coal plants now anchor the coal sector, alongside cement and brick-kiln use.
Correct Answer: Cnergyico, Hub (Balochistan)
Pakistan's largest refinery capacity is at Cnergyico's complex at Hub, Balochistan, with about 156,000 barrels per day of installed capacity, the country's largest by design capacity.
Topic Section
5 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Elastic potential energy
Energy stored in a compressed spring is elastic potential energy: the work done in compressing it is stored in its deformed shape and released when it springs back.
Correct Answer: Water
A hydrogen fuel cell produces water as waste: hydrogen combines with oxygen in the cell to generate electricity, with water as the only by-product.
Correct Answer: Liquid hydrogen
The fuel used in spacecraft is liquid hydrogen: burned with liquid oxygen, it powers rocket engines such as the Space Shuttle main engines.
Correct Answer: Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
The unit of electricity consumption in households is the kilowatt-hour (kWh): one kilowatt used for one hour, the unit on a household electricity bill.
Correct Answer: Chemical energy
Fossil fuels are examples of chemical energy: their energy is stored in chemical bonds and released as heat when they burn.
Source & verification
Built by GK360 from verified bank questions — every answer rechecked before publishing. Where the source printed no options, the answer options were prepared by GK360; the questions and correct answers are the verified originals.
Questions
No. This is a practice set built from the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation. It is labelled practice in the title, slug and paperType and must not be quoted as an official past paper.
Every item in Q451–500 except one has a verifiable standard answer (biogas, hydropower, nuclear waste, natural gas and LPG, uranium, Thar coal, solar and geothermal firsts, Pakistan's oil and gas firsts). Printed Q499, which names Kotri Barrage as the first hydro power project in Sindh, is dropped and never inferred: no hydropower plant is in operation in Sindh, and Kotri is an irrigation/flood-control barrage, so no single standard answer is identifiable as printed; the drop is recorded in the file's sourceNote.
The source prints statement + answer only, with no (a)-(d) options. Under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision, each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors; the questions and answers are the booklet's, and every answer was verified as the standard answer. optionsSource is recorded as 'authored' so authored options are never mistaken for the paper's.
Q451–500 cover biogas and renewable efficiency, nuclear waste and fuels, natural gas, LPG and petroleum gas, uranium and coal in Pakistan, solar, geothermal and LNG firsts, and Pakistan's oil storage, refining and exploration firsts (Keamari, Cnergyico Hub, Khaur, DGPC). The booklet runs to 1000 items; Q501–1000 are held for later conversion runs in the same format.
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