CSS · Federal Public Service Commission · 2026
Solved CSS MPT Everyday Science practice set from the 1000 Advanced Booklet, Q351–400 — 48 MCQs with verified answers and explanations (fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, natural gas, biogas, wind, hydro, geothermal and nuclear energy, energy in Pakistan). A practice compilation, not a past paper.
Paper Snapshot
Questions
48
Time
48
Minutes
Subjects
1
Topics
5
Read mode shows correct answers. Attempt mode hides answers, starts timer, and shows your result after submission.
About this paper
Part 8 (Q351–400) of the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation (monster-data 'CSS MPT PAST PAPERS' pack). The booklet prints statement + answer only, so each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision and optionsSource recorded as 'authored'. 48 of 50 printed items are published; printed Q363 (first hydro station at Malakand 1952) and Q366 (energy from moving water waves) are dropped as unanswerable as printed, never inferred. Three NOTE flags: Q370 (Jhimpir 2009 = first-phase start), Q377 (Cnergyico refinery at Hub, Balochistan; Karachi is its headquarters) and Q386 (175 billion tonnes = Thar estimate). This is a practice set, never titled as a past paper, and Q401–1000 remain for later runs.
Paper Controls
Subject 1
Topic Section
5 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Pollution
The main disadvantage of fossil fuels is pollution: burning them releases carbon dioxide, smoke, sulphur and nitrogen oxides that harm air quality and drive climate change.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from burning fossil fuels is the main greenhouse gas responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Correct Answer: Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) from burning fuel are a major cause of smog: they react in sunlight with volatile organic compounds to form ground-level ozone.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide
Fossil fuels are a major source of carbon dioxide: burning coal, oil and gas releases the carbon stored in them as CO₂.
Correct Answer: Mercury
Burning coal releases mercury, a toxic metal present in trace amounts in coal, into the air.
Topic Section
11 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Tides & waves
Ocean energy is produced from tides and waves: tidal currents and wave motion drive turbines that generate electricity.
Correct Answer: Wind & solar
Wind and solar energy depend on weather: wind turbines need moving air and solar panels need sunlight, so their output varies with conditions.
Correct Answer: China
China is the world’s largest producer of hydroelectric power, with the largest installed hydropower capacity and generation.
Correct Answer: Anaerobic decomposition of waste
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of waste: micro-organisms break down organic waste without oxygen, releasing methane-rich gas.
Correct Answer: Methane (CH₄)
The main component of biogas is methane (CH₄), typically about 50–75%, with carbon dioxide making up most of the rest.
Correct Answer: Electromagnetic radiation
Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, infrared and ultraviolet radiation.
Correct Answer: Photovoltaic power
Electricity generated from sunlight is called photovoltaic power: solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Correct Answer: Fermentation
Fermentation converts biomass to ethanol: yeasts break down plant sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer: California, USA
The world’s largest geothermal complex is The Geysers in California, USA.
Correct Answer: China
China has the most wind turbines installed, with the world’s largest installed wind power capacity.
Correct Answer: Renewable energy
Energy that can be replenished naturally is called renewable energy: solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal energy.
Topic Section
24 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Hydrogen
A (hydrogen) fuel cell generates electricity by reacting hydrogen with oxygen, producing electricity and water as the by-product.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the main fuel used in thermal power stations, where it is burned to make steam that drives turbines.
Correct Answer: Air
Natural gas (mainly methane) is lighter than air, so a leak rises and disperses rather than pooling at ground level.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal produces ash after burning, from the mineral matter in the coal that does not burn away, unlike natural gas which burns almost cleanly.
Correct Answer: USA (Pennsylvania, 1859)
The first commercial oil well was drilled in the USA at Titusville, Pennsylvania, by Edwin Drake in 1859.
Correct Answer: USA
The United States is the world’s largest consumer of oil, ahead of China.
Correct Answer: Methane
Methane is known as marsh gas because it is produced by decaying organic matter in marshes and wetlands.
Correct Answer: Carbon content
Coal is classified on the basis of its carbon content (and calorific value): peat, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite in increasing carbon content.
Correct Answer: Coal
Lignite is a type of coal — a soft, brown, low-rank coal between peat and bituminous coal.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the fossil fuel that formed first in Earth’s history: major coal deposits date from the Carboniferous period, around 300 million years ago, predating most oil and gas deposits.
Correct Answer: Chemical energy
Energy stored in food is chemical energy, held in the bonds of food molecules and released when the body breaks them down.
Correct Answer: Venezuela
Venezuela has the world’s largest proven oil reserves, about 300 billion barrels, ahead of Saudi Arabia.
Correct Answer: Petrol
Gasoline is commonly known as petrol: the same refined fuel is called gasoline in the USA and petrol in Pakistan and Britain.
Correct Answer: Fractional distillation of petroleum
Diesel is obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum: crude oil is heated and its components separate by boiling point, diesel condensing in the middle range.
Correct Answer: Anthracite
Anthracite is the purest form of coal, with the highest carbon content (over 90%) and the highest calorific value.
Correct Answer: Peat
Peat is the least efficient fossil fuel: it has the lowest carbon content and calorific value and the highest moisture content.
Correct Answer: Fossil fuels
Hydrocarbons — compounds of hydrogen and carbon — are the main constituents of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas).
Correct Answer: Kerogen
Oil shale contains kerogen, a solid organic material that yields oil when heated.
Correct Answer: Coal formation
Peat is the first stage of coal formation: partially decayed plant matter in bogs, later buried and compressed into lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite.
Correct Answer: Rock oil
Petroleum comes from the Latin petra (rock) + oleum (oil): literally ‘rock oil’, because it is found in rocks underground.
Correct Answer: Barrels (oil), Cubic meters (gas)
Oil is measured in barrels (one barrel = about 159 litres) and gas in cubic meters (or cubic feet).
Correct Answer: Petroleum
Petroleum is the fossil fuel that is liquid at room temperature, while coal is solid and natural gas is gaseous.
Correct Answer: Natural gas
Natural gas is the fossil fuel that is gas at room temperature, consisting mainly of methane.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the fossil fuel that is solid at room temperature.
Topic Section
3 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: The Sun
Nuclear fusion takes place naturally in the Sun, where hydrogen nuclei fuse under immense heat and pressure, releasing the Sun’s energy.
Correct Answer: Steam turbines
In a nuclear plant, fission heat makes steam, and the steam drives steam turbines connected to generators that produce electricity.
Correct Answer: Liquid hydrogen + liquid oxygen
Space rockets commonly use liquid hydrogen as fuel with liquid oxygen as oxidiser, a combination that gives very high thrust.
Topic Section
5 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Saudi Arabia
Pakistan imports the majority of its oil from Saudi Arabia, historically its largest crude-oil supplier.
Correct Answer: Jhimpir (Sindh, 2009)
Pakistan’s first wind power project was set up at Jhimpir in Sindh, in the Gharo–Jhimpir wind corridor.
Correct Answer: Cnergyico (Karachi)
Cnergyico (formerly Byco) operates Pakistan’s largest oil refining complex, with about 156,000 barrels per day of capacity.
Correct Answer: 175 billion tons (Thar)
Pakistan’s coal reserves are estimated at about 175 billion tonnes in Thar, Sindh — among the world’s largest lignite deposits.
Correct Answer: Dhurnal
Dhurnal in Punjab is Pakistan’s biggest oil field, a long-producing field operated since the 1930s.
Source & verification
Built by GK360 from verified bank questions — every answer rechecked before publishing. Where the source printed no options, the answer options were prepared by GK360; the questions and correct answers are the verified originals.
Questions
No. This is a practice set built from the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation. It is labelled practice in the title, slug and paperType and must not be quoted as an official past paper.
Every item in Q351–400 except two has a verifiable standard answer (fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, biogas, wind, hydro, geothermal and nuclear energy, energy in Pakistan). Printed Q363 and Q366 are dropped as unanswerable as printed and are never inferred; the drops are recorded in the file's sourceNote.
The source prints statement + answer only, with no (a)-(d) options. Under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision, each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors; the questions and answers are the booklet's, and every answer was verified as the standard answer. optionsSource is recorded as 'authored' so authored options are never mistaken for the paper's.
Q351–400 cover fossil-fuel pollution and greenhouse gases, biogas, fuel cells, thermal and nuclear power, coal classification and Pakistan's coal, oil and wind energy (Jhimpir, Dhurnal, Cnergyico, Thar). The booklet runs to 1000 items; Q401–1000 are held for later conversion runs in the same format.
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